Bạn đang xem: How leonardo da vinci made mona lisa smile
Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions lớn improve this article (requires login).
Feedback TypeSelect a type (Required)Factual CorrectionSpelling/Grammar CorrectionLink CorrectionAdditional InformationOther
Our editors will nhận xét what you’ve submitted & determine whether khổng lồ revise the article.
Join heckorea.com"s Publishing Partner Program và our community of experts to lớn gain a global audience for your work!There has been much speculation and debate regarding the identity of the Mona Lisa’s sitter. Scholars và historians have posited numerous possibilities, including that she is Lisa del Giocondo (née Gherardini), wife of the Florentine merchant Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo—hence the alternative title lớn the work, La Gioconda. That identity was first suggested in 1550 by artist biographer Giorgio Vasari.
Leonardo domain authority Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa in 1503, & it was in his studio when he died in 1519. He likely worked on it intermittently over several years, adding multiple layers of thin oil glazes at different times. Small cracks in the paint, called craquelure, appear throughout the whole piece, but they are finer on the hands, where the thinner glazes correspond to Leonardo’s late period.
The Mona Lisa hangs behind bulletproof glass in a gallery of the Louvre Museum in Paris, where it has been a part of the museum’s collection since 1804. It was part of the royal collection before becoming the property of the French people during the Revolution (1787–99).
The Mona Lisa is priceless. Any speculative price (some say over a billion dollars!) would probably be so high that not one person would be able or willing to purchase and maintain the painting. Moreover, the Louvre Museum would probably never sell it. The museum attracts millions of visitors each year, most of whom come for the Mona Lisa, so a steady stream of revenue may be more lucrative in the long run than a single payment. Indeed, the museum considers the Mona Lisa irreplaceable và thus spends its resources on preventive measures to lớn maintain the portrait rather than on expensive insurance that can only offer mere money as a replacement.
art conservation & restoration: Paintings
Learn about art conservation và restoration.
Why is the Mona Lisa so famous?
Many theories have attempted khổng lồ pinpoint one reason for the art piece’s celebrity, including its theft from the Louvre in 1911 và its tour to the U.S. In 1963, but the most compelling arguments insist that there is no one explanation. The Mona Lisa’s fame is the result of many chance circumstances combined with the painting’s inherent appeal.
Why Is the Mona Lisa So Famous?
Read some arguments as lớn why the Mona Lisa is so famous.
Stealing Beauty: 11 Notable Art Thefts
Learn about the 1911 theft of the Mona Lisa & other notable art thefts throughout history.
Mona Lisa, also called Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo, Italian La Gioconda, or French La Joconde, oil painting on a poplar wood panel by Leonardo domain authority Vinci, probably the world’s most famous painting. It was painted sometime between 1503 and 1519, when Leonardo was living in Florence, and it now hangs in the Louvre Museum, Paris, where it remained an object of pilgrimage in the 21st century. The sitter’s mysterious smile và her unproven identity have made the painting a source of ongoing investigation và fascination.
Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa
Overview of Leonardo da Vinci"s Mona Lisa, with a discussion of the sitter"s identity.
The painting presents a woman in half-body portrait, which has as a backdrop a distant landscape. Yet this simple mô tả tìm kiếm of a seemingly standard composition gives little sense of Leonardo’s achievement. The three-quarter view, in which the sitter’s position mostly turns toward the viewer, broke from the standard profile pose used in Italian art & quickly became the convention for all portraits, one used well into the 21st century. The subject’s softly sculptural face shows Leonardo’s skillful handling of sfumato (use of fine shading) and reveals his understanding of the musculature và the skull beneath the skin. The delicately painted veil, the finely wrought tresses, & the careful rendering of folded fabric demonstrate Leonardo’s studied observations & inexhaustible patience. Moreover, the sensuous curves of the sitter’s hair & clothing are echoed in the shapes of the valleys & rivers behind her. The sense of overall harmony achieved in the painting—especially apparent in the sitter’s faint smile—reflects Leonardo’s idea of the cosmic link connecting humanity và nature, making this painting an enduring record of Leonardo’s vision. In its exquisite synthesis of sitter và landscape, the Mona Lisa set the standard for all future portraits.
There has been much speculation và debate regarding the identity of the portrait’s sitter. Scholars và historians have posited numerous interpretations, including that she is Lisa del Giocondo (née Gherardini), the wife of the Florentine merchant Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo, hence the alternative title lớn the work, La Gioconda. That identity was first suggested in 1550 by artist biographer Giorgio Vasari. Another theory was that the model may have been Leonardo’s mother, Caterina. That interpretation was put forth by, among others, Sigmund Freud, who seemed to lớn think that the Mona Lisa’s mysterious smile emerged from a—perhaps unconscious—memory of Caterina’s smile. A third suggestion was that the painting was, in fact, Leonardo’s self-portrait, given the resemblance between the sitter’s & the artist’s facial features. Some scholars suggested that disguising himself as a woman was the artist’s riddle. The sitter’s identity has not been definitively proven. Numerous attempts in the 21st century to settle the debate by seeking Lisa del Giocondo’s remains to thử nghiệm her DNA and recreate an image of her face were inconclusive.
History
Leonardo domain authority Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa about 1503, & it was in his studio when he died in 1519. He likely worked on it intermittently over several years, adding multiple layers of thin oil glazes at different times. Small cracks in the paint, called craquelure, appear throughout the whole piece, but they are finer on the hands, where the thinner glazes correspond lớn Leonardo’s late period.
French King Francis I, in whose court Leonardo spent the last years of his life, acquired the work after the artist’s death, và it became part of the royal collection. For centuries the portrait was secluded in French palaces, until insurgents claimed the royal collection as the property of the people during the French Revolution (1787–99). Following a period hanging in Napoleon’s bedroom, the Mona Lisa was installed in the Louvre Museum at the turn of the 19th century.
In 1911 the painting was stolen, causing an immediate truyền thông sensation. People flocked to the Louvre khổng lồ view the empty space where the painting had once hung, the museum’s director of paintings resigned, and the poet Guillaume Apollinaire and artist Pablo Picasso were even arrested as suspects. Two years later an art dealer in Florence alerted local authorities that a man had tried to sell him the painting. Police found the portrait stashed in the false bottom of a trunk belonging to lớn Vincenzo Peruggia, an Italian immigrant who had briefly worked at the Louvre fitting glass on a selection of paintings, including the Mona Lisa. He và possibly two other workers had hidden in a closet overnight, taken the portrait from the wall the morning of August 21, 1911, and run off without suspicion. Peruggia was arrested, tried, & imprisoned, while the Mona Lisa took a tour of Italy before making its triumphant return to France.
During World War II the Mona Lisa, singled out as the most-endangered artwork in the Louvre, was evacuated lớn various locations in France’s countryside, returning khổng lồ the museum in 1945 after peace had been declared. It later traveled to lớn the United States in 1963, drawing about 40,000 people per day during its six-week stay at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in new york City & at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. It also toured to lớn Tokyo & Moscow in 1974.
Condition
Scholars have noted that the Mona Lisa is in fairly good condition for its age. The poplar panel shows some evidence of warping from resistance khổng lồ its original frame và to braces added by early restorers. Lớn prevent the widening of a small crack, visible near the centre of the upper edge of the painting, dovetails were added to lớn the back of the painting. Restorers later pasted heavy canvas over the crack và replaced the đứng top dovetail.
Xem thêm: 15 Ứng Dụng Phần Mềm Cắt Ghép Ảnh Trên Máy Tính Đơn Giản Dễ Sử Dụng
The glass protecting the Mona Lisa was replaced with a bulletproof case after several attacks in 1956, one of which damaged an area near the subject’s left elbow. The Mona Lisa thus escaped harm from acts of vandalism in 1974 during the work’s visit to Tokyo và in 2009 when a museumgoer threw a ceramic mug at it.